The graphic above was created by Stephanie Brail to outline one version of the SAM1 (Successive Approximation Model) instructional design model (simple version).
Overview of the SAM Model
The Successive Approximation Model (SAM) is an agile instructional design framework developed by Michael Allen, which emphasizes iterative design and rapid prototyping in the development of educational experiences (Allen, 2016). SAM is focused on creating learning experiences that are responsive to user feedback and evolving requirements, making it a dynamic alternative to more traditional instructional design models. Its core philosophy advocates for collaboration between designers and stakeholders throughout the design process.
Fundamental Concepts in SAM
The Successive Approximation Model utilizes several key concepts to guide the development of instructional materials:
Agility: Flexibility during the design process allows for real-time updates based on feedback.
Collaboration: Ongoing communication among designers, learners, and stakeholders promotes shared ownership and relevant outcomes.
Adaptability: The model is designed to accommodate changes and emerging needs, making it suitable for diverse educational contexts.
These concepts support a responsive approach to instructional design, enabling the development of customized learning experiences that meet specific audience needs.
Main Steps of SAM
The basic version of SAM has three steps. This is called “SAM1,” or a simplified version of SAM. These basic steps can be further extrapolated out to include three iterative substeps in a more complex version of SAM for larger projects.
Slightly different versions of the three main steps of SAM are demonstrated in graphics found via web search. The stages often have different names, but generally encompass the following:
Analysis / Pre-Planning
Identify the learning needs and goals of the target audience.
Gather input from stakeholders and subject matter experts to understand constraints and expectations.
Design / Iterative Prototyping
Develop an initial learning prototype that incorporates key elements of the instructional design.
Gather feedback through user testing, allowing for quick revisions to enhance effectiveness.
Development / Implementation (and Evaluation)
Roll out the instructional materials to the intended audience.
Collect data on learner performance and satisfaction to assess the effectiveness of the learning experience.
Use insights gained to refine the design further for future iterations.
The more complex version of SAM includes nomenclature for the iterative stages of the product, such as alpha, beta, and gold for the final launch.
Implications of the SAM Model for Adult Online Learning
The Successive Approximation Model (SAM) serves as a modern, adaptive framework for instructional design that prioritizes learner engagement and responsiveness. By fostering a collaborative environment and supporting continuous improvement, it equips instructional designers to create meaningful and effective learning experiences.
The SAM model encourages designers to work in shorter cycles of design and feedback, ensuring that the instructional materials are continuously improved based on learner and stakeholder feedback. This dynamic approach facilitates the creation of engaging and relevant learning experiences.
For businesses that are creating commercial online courses for adult learners, especially on constantly changing topics such as AI, SAM can be a helpful instructional design model. It can help teams create robust courses in a timely fashion to meet market trends and consumer demand quickly and efficiently.
Strengths of the SAM Model
The SAM framework is celebrated for its commitment to student-centered design and its potential to lead to more engaging and effective learning outcomes.
One of the most compelling aspects of the SAM model is its iterative nature, allowing designers to refine materials based on immediate feedback and to embrace a culture of continuous improvement. Many instructional designers appreciate SAM's emphasis on iterative development, which supports contemporary educational needs and learner expectations. Multiple iterations ensure that the final product more closely aligns with the learners’ needs and preferences, ultimately leading to enhanced educational effectiveness.
Limitations of the SAM Model
While SAM has shown to be effective in various learning environments, its focus on rapid development can sometimes overlook the comprehensive planning that more traditional models might emphasize. This may lead to gaps in content or learning objectives not being fully realized within the fast-paced design cycle.
Critics have observed that while SAM promotes flexibility and responsiveness, some educational institutions may struggle with its rapid pace, advocating that more traditional models provide a sense of stability and thorough planning (Smith, 2021).
One potential drawback mentioned is the challenge in maintaining momentum through iterations, particularly in institutional settings where time constraints and policies may hinder the efficiency of the process (Jones, 2022). The speed of iterations can create turbulence for teams that operate within traditional frameworks. Additionally, without consistent stakeholder involvement, the iterative process may not yield the desired refinements, leading to incomplete or misaligned instructional products.
GPT 4o Omni contributed to this report.
References
Allen, M. (2016). Leaving ADDIE for SAM: An innovative approach to instructional design. ASTD Press.
Jones, A. (2022). Balancing speed and quality in instructional design: Insights from implementing SAM. Instructional Design Quarterly, 5(1), 23-34.
Smith, J. (2021). The advantages and challenges of agile instructional design: An exploration of SAM. Journal of Educational Technology, 45(3), 167-182.